The History of Center, Texas
Center is the seat of one of the oldest counties in Texas, and it holds a remarkable landmark: an 1885 courthouse modeled on an Irish castle. From its frontier beginnings in original Shelby County to its rise as a poultry-producing center of East Texas, Center's history is anchored by that remarkable building at the heart of its downtown square.
Here's how Center came to be.
An Original Texas County
Shelby County is one of the original counties of Texas, established by the Congress of the Republic of Texas in 1836 and organized in 1837 and named for Isaac Shelby, an American military hero and the first governor of Kentucky. The county sits in the deep Piney Woods of far East Texas, along the Sabine River and the Louisiana border.
Center took its name from its location at the geographical center of Shelby County, where it was established as the county seat. From the beginning it was the governmental and commercial hub of this corner of the East Texas frontier.
The Irish Castle Courthouse
Center's defining landmark rose in the 1880s. The county contracted with J. J. E. Gibson, an Irish immigrant architect, to build a new courthouse, and in November 1885 it was completed. Gibson designed the structure in the Romanesque Revival style — a building that looks far more like an Irish castle than a Texas courthouse.
It remains standing today as the Historic Shelby County Courthouse. More than a century later, it is still the centerpiece of Center's downtown square.
Timber to Poultry
Like much of East Texas, Center's early economy was built on cotton and then on the Piney Woods timber industry. But as timber became less lucrative, the town reinvented itself, and poultry raising and processing grew into a leading local industry.
That poultry industry remains a leading part of the local economy, and the town celebrates it each October with the East Texas Poultry Festival. From timber to chickens, Center adapted and endured, holding onto its role as the heart of Shelby County.
Timeline
1837
Shelby County, one of the original Texas counties, is organized and named for Isaac Shelby.
1866
Center becomes the county seat at the geographical center of Shelby County.
1885
The Irish castle-style Shelby County Courthouse, designed by Irish immigrant architect J. J. E. Gibson, is completed in November.
1950s
Poultry grows into a leading industry as timber declines.
FAQ: History of Center
Completed in 1885 and designed by Irish immigrant architect J. J. E. Gibson, the Historic Shelby County Courthouse was modeled on a castle in Ireland. Built in the Romanesque Revival style, it's one of the most distinctive courthouses in Texas.
Center is named for its location at the geographical center of Shelby County, where it was established as the county seat. Shelby County itself is one of the original counties of Texas, organized in 1837.
Center is known for its unique Irish castle-style courthouse and for being a center of the Texas poultry industry. As the timber economy declined, poultry raising and processing became a leading local industry.
Shelby County was named for Isaac Shelby, an American Revolutionary and War of 1812 military hero who became the first governor of Kentucky. The county was established by the Republic of Texas Congress in 1836 and organized in 1837 as one of the state's original counties.
East Texas guides
Region-wide guides that put Center in context — where to go, what things cost, and how people actually live here.
A Brief History of East Texas
From Caddo settlements to the oil boom and beyond, discover how centuries of history shaped East Texas communities like Tyler, Kilgore, and Henderson.
Read Guide →Best Day Trips from Tyler and East Texas
Drive-time guide to day trips from Tyler: state parks, small towns, museums, and lakes within about 30 minutes, an hour, and up to three hours.
Read Guide →East Texas Festivals and Annual Events
Season-by-season guide to East Texas festivals and events — Canton's First Monday Trade Days, the Texas Rose Festival, the Yamboree, Wonderland of Lights and more, checked against each host's own site.
Read Guide →East Texas State Parks Guide
Twelve East Texas state parks from TPWD: Tyler, Caddo Lake, Atlanta, Lake Bob Sandlin, Tawakoni, Purtis Creek, Cooper, Martin Dies Jr. and more. Camping, cabins and passes.
Read Guide →Business Owner?
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